How do I choose dog training help?

Anyone can call themselves a dog trainer. The way a trainer works can shape how you and your dog live together for years, so it is worth asking questions before you book.

Reward-based methods

The American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior (AVSAB) says to look for a trainer who uses primarily or only reward-based training with treats, toys, and play. Avoid trainers who use physical force, or who routinely use choke, pinch, or shock collars as a main method. AVSAB notes that research shows dogs do not need physical punishment to learn, and that punishment carries risks such as increased fear and more aggression. For more on this, see Management Isn't Giving Up.

A good teacher

AVSAB says a good instructor explains what behavior is being trained, why, and demonstrates it. In a class, there should be time to practice and get individual help. Class sizes should be small, or assistants should be present. A good trainer adapts to your dog, stays up to date, and is respectful of both of you.

Red flags

Alpha rolling, pushing a dog into position, hitting, choke or pinch collar corrections, and anyone who makes you feel bad about how slowly your dog is learning.

Watch a class first

AVSAB suggests asking to observe a class before joining. Look at the dogs: tails up and wagging, or down and tucked? Are people talking in happy voices or scolding?

Questions to ask

What methods do you use, and what happens if my dog gets it wrong? What tools do you use? How do you handle a scared or reactive dog? Can I watch? When should a vet be involved?

Get the right help

If your dog is aggressive, has bitten, or shows serious fear, ask your vet for a referral to a veterinary behaviorist or a trainer with specific experience in these problems.

Related: puppy classes and being the alpha with your dog.

Sources

• AVSAB: How to choose a trainer (position statement)