Short answer: below 32 F, start taking care. VCA says whenever temperatures drop below freezing, it is time to take precautions.
What VCA and the AKC say
VCA says to limit walks to 5 to 10 minutes when it is below 20 F, and to protect your dog with a coat and booties. It says it is generally not safe to leave dogs outside in winter. The AKC says to make sure your dog is dry before a walk, because wet areas are more vulnerable to frostbite, and describes hypothermia as a dangerous condition in which the core body temperature drops too low.
Do not forget the car
VCA warns that leaving a dog in a car can be dangerous in winter as well as in summer. See winter paws, a dog who refuses a coat and boots.
Get the right help
If your dog is shivering, weak or unusually quiet in the cold, warm them up gently and call your vet.
This article is general education, not veterinary advice. If your dog seems unwell, is in pain, or something changed suddenly, call your vet. If it could be an emergency, do not wait.
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Sources
Sources & care notes
Frequently asked questions
What temperature is too cold?
Below 32 F, start taking care. VCA advises limiting walks to 5 to 10 minutes when it is below 20 F, with a coat and booties.
Can they stay outside?
It is generally not safe to leave dogs outside in winter. Make sure water does not freeze and shelter is real.
What about the car?
A parked car can be dangerous in winter as well as summer. Leave the dog home when you can.
What are the warning signs?
Shivering, weakness or unusual quietness. Warm them gently and call your vet.
